Extension card · Neutrosophic
Neutrosophic MULTIMOORA (Stanujkic et al., 2017)
Neutrosophic MULTIMOORA is the form of MULTIMOORA used when a criterion evaluation is given as a truth-indeterminacy-falsity triple (a single-valued neutrosophic number). The ratio system, the reference point and the full multiplicative form each compute a score derived from this triple separately, and the result is merged into a single ranking by a two-out-of-three dominance rule.
Base method
MULTIMOORA →
Philosophy, mechanics, strengths and weaknesses are on the base method card; this card describes only the difference.
Data type (family)
Neutrosophic →
What this data type is, when to use it, how to write it in a cell: the family's full account is here.
What Changes from the Base Method?
Four things change; the overall flow is preserved, but the dominance rule changes as well.
Cells. In crisp MULTIMOORA every cell is a single number. Here every cell consists of three independent degrees: truth (T), indeterminacy (I) and falsity (F); their sum is not forced to equal 1. Weights are crisp numbers; they are not entered in neutrosophic form.
Scale equalisation. Crisp MULTIMOORA divides the column by the root of the sum of its squares. Here the method first complements the triple for cost criteria: ⟨T, I, F⟩ is rewritten as ⟨F, 1−I, T⟩. Truth and falsity swap places, and indeterminacy is complemented. It then reduces every cell to a single number with a score function, (1 + T − 2I − F) / 2. Only after this does it equalise this score by the column-wise root of the sum of squares (vector normalisation). In other words, the neutrosophic structure collapses to a single number immediately after the cost complementing but before normalisation.
Distance, score and merging. The ratio system is the weighted sum of this normalised score. The logic is the same as in crisp MULTIMOORA, except that here the T-I-F structure has already been reduced to a score. The reference point takes, for every criterion, the largest normalised score as the ideal, and finds each alternative's largest weighted deviation from it. The full multiplicative form is DIFFERENT. Here the method does not use the normalised score but the complemented T-I-F triple itself: it builds a new ⟨T, I, F⟩ triple by taking a weighted geometric mean over this triple (a neutrosophic weighted geometric aggregation), then converts this triple into a single number with the same score function. So the full multiplicative form carries the T-I-F structure further, into its own aggregation step, than the ratio system and the reference point do.
Result and defuzzification. The most important difference lies here. Crisp MULTIMOORA, and most other extensions, use the SUM of the three sub-rankings (a Borda count). N-MULTIMOORA instead uses a "two-out-of-three dominance" (2-of-3 dominance) rule. An alternative counts as "dominant" over another if it outranks it in at least TWO of the three sub-rankings. Only when the dominance counts are tied does the sum of the three sub-rankings come into play, as a tie-breaker. This is a different merging logic from crisp MULTIMOORA's direct summation rule.
DecisionMind holds fixed, in this extension: the cost complementing ⟨T,I,F⟩→⟨F,1−I,T⟩, the score function (1+T−2I−F)/2, and the fact that the ratio system and the reference point operate on this score. It also holds fixed the neutrosophic weighted geometric aggregation used in the full multiplicative form, and the two-out-of-three dominance rule (broken by the sum in case of a tie) used in the final ranking.
How to Read the Output
The final ranking is a combined summary of three viewpoints, and it is read essentially the same way. But the merging rule differs from crisp MULTIMOORA: crisp MULTIMOORA applies "the alternative with the smallest sum of the three rankings wins", whereas here the rule is "the alternative that outranks the others in at least two of the three sub-methods wins". Because of this, the chance that the two methods give a different final ranking on the same data is somewhat higher than for crisp MULTIMOORA.
The T-I-F structure is also not carried to the same depth by the three sub-methods: the ratio system and the reference point reduce it to a single score immediately after the cost complementing, while only the full multiplicative form preserves the triple structure through to its own aggregation step.
Thus instead of writing:
"N-MULTIMOORA is more informative because it carries neutrosophic uncertainty through the entire calculation"
the report should read:
"The truth-indeterminacy-falsity triple is preserved only up to the aggregation step of the full multiplicative form; the ratio system and the reference point operate on a crisp number already reduced to a single score right after complementing, and the final ranking is built with a two-out-of-three dominance rule rather than a sum"
When to Prefer This over the Base Method
The rule from the neutrosophic data-type card applies here as well: use this extension when information about a criterion is missing, inconsistent or contradictory, and this matters for the decision. A measured criterion should not be written directly as T with I=0 and F=1−T; doing so zeroes out the indeterminacy share and removes the sole contribution of the neutrosophic structure. Crisp MULTIMOORA's exit condition also applies here: all values must stay positive, since the full multiplicative form becomes undefined otherwise. If no compromise can ever be accepted on one criterion, this method should not be used.
Mistakes Specific to This Extension
Forcing the sum of the three components to equal 1. This reduces the neutrosophic structure to an intuitionistic fuzzy pair; T, I and F must remain independent of one another.
Skipping the cost complementing. Feeding a cost criterion's ⟨T,I,F⟩ triple into the score without complementing it first (without swapping F and T) confuses "high truth" with "low cost" on that criterion and reverses the ranking.
Changing the score function, or not stating it in the report. DecisionMind fixes the function (1+T−2I−F)/2; a different score function can produce a different ranking.
Confusing it with the summation rule. It is wrong to assume that crisp MULTIMOORA's rule, "the alternative with the smallest sum of the three rankings wins", also applies here; N-MULTIMOORA looks first at two-out-of-three dominance, and the sum only comes into play in case of a tie.
The governing principle is this:
In N-MULTIMOORA, the truth-indeterminacy-falsity triple is preserved only up to the aggregation step of the full multiplicative form; the ratio system and the reference point operate on a crisp number already reduced to a single score right after complementing, and the final ranking is built with a two-out-of-three dominance rule rather than a sum.
Cases
The first case is a literature case: the numerical example from Stanujkic and colleagues' (2017) article; page and table numbers are taken from the article. The second case is an illustrative fiction.
1. Mining: Choosing a grinding-circuit design (Stanujkic et al., 2017, Tables 1-6)
One of three grinding-circuit designs (A1: rod and ball mill, A2: ball mill only, A3: semi-autogenous mill) is to be chosen for a flotation plant. Five criteria are used: grinding efficiency, economic efficiency, technological reliability (all three "higher is better"), investment cost and environmental impact (both "lower is better"). Every cell, an expert evaluation's truth-indeterminacy-falsity triple, is taken from the article's Table 1; the weights are back-derived from the intermediate values in the article's Table 2 (0.24; 0.17; 0.24; 0.21; 0.14).
| Design | Grinding efficiency | Economic efficiency | Technological reliability | Investment cost | Environmental impact |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | (0.90; 0.10; 0.20) | (0.70; 0.20; 0.30) | (0.90; 0.10; 0.20) | (0.90; 0.10; 0.20) | (0.90; 0.10; 0.20) |
| A2 | (0.80; 0.10; 0.30) | (0.80; 0.10; 0.30) | (0.80; 0.10; 0.30) | (0.90; 0.10; 0.20) | (0.80; 0.10; 0.30) |
| A3 | (1.00; 0.10; 0.30) | (0.90; 0.10; 0.20) | (0.90; 0.10; 0.20) | (0.70; 0.20; 0.50) | (0.70; 0.20; 0.30) |
| Direction | higher is better | higher is better | higher is better | lower is better | lower is better |
| Weight | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.14 |
The method complements the cost criteria, reduces to a score, normalises, and computes the three sub-methods separately. The numbers are taken directly from the article's own tables (Tables 2-6):
| Design | Ratio system | Rank | Reference point | Rank | Full multiplicative | Rank | Final rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | 0.380 | 2 | 0.034 | 1 | 1.242 | 3 | 3 |
| A2 | 0.366 | 3 | 0.048 | 2 | 1.258 | 2 | 2 |
| A3 | 0.846 | 1 | 0.063 | 3 | 2.379 | 1 | 1 |
The result reads as follows. A3 is clearly first in the ratio system and the full multiplicative form. Both of these sub-methods show A3 as strongly superior to the others (0.846 is more than double the second-closest value, 0.380). A3's first place is therefore robust. By contrast, the difference between A1 and A2 is small. A1 leads in the ratio system (0.380 vs 0.366), while A2 leads in the full multiplicative form (1.258 vs 1.242); the two sub-methods give OPPOSITE orderings here. The reference point places A1 ahead of A2 (0.034 vs 0.048), and overall A1 falls behind A2 in the second-versus-third dispute.
Here a hesitation arises for the plant. The difference between A1 and A2 is small, and the two sub-methods place them in opposite order. The second-versus-third ranking is therefore not as robust as A3's first place. Unless the investment decision is only between A3 and the other two, the difference between A1 and A2 should be examined separately.
In the report: "Under the two-out-of-three dominance rule, A3 is clearly first in the final ranking, A2 second and A1 third; A3's superiority is well supported by large margins in the ratio system and the full multiplicative form and is therefore robust, whereas the A1-A2 ranking rests on a small difference and a disagreement between the sub-methods."
Source: Stanujkic, D., Zavadskas, E. K., Smarandache, F., Brauers, W. K. M., & Karabasevic, D. (2017). A neutrosophic extension of the MULTIMOORA method. Informatica, 28(1), 181–192. The numbers in the article's Tables 1-6 are taken exactly as given (the full page numbers are not stated in the DecisionMind manifest).
2. Law: A law firm's evaluation of arbitration strategies
A law firm will recommend one of three arbitration strategies (A1, A2, A3) to its client in an international commercial dispute. Criteria: probability of winning the case and consistency with precedent (both "higher is better"), estimated duration and estimated cost (both "lower is better"). In this case the relevant precedent is limited and the opposing party's evidence strategy is not yet known; the firm evaluates the favourable grounds (truth), the adverse risks (falsity) and the missing or unknown elements (indeterminacy) for each strategy separately.
The method complements the cost criteria (duration, cost), reduces to a score, normalises and computes the three sub-methods. Suppose the ratio system places first the strategy seen as having both the highest probability of winning and the highest indeterminacy. The full multiplicative form penalises this high indeterminacy more heavily and instead brings forward a strategy with lower indeterminacy and a moderate probability of winning.
Here the firm has a hesitation. If the strategy with a high probability of winning also carries high indeterminacy, presenting it to the client as "the most likely winner" would be misleading. For instance, a piece of evidence the opposing party has not yet submitted could reverse the outcome. When conveying the final ranking under the two-out-of-three dominance rule to the client, the firm should also state separately which strategy has the lower indeterminacy.
In the report: "Under the two-out-of-three dominance rule, the moderate-probability, low-indeterminacy strategy leads; the strategy with the highest probability of winning leads in the ratio system but falls behind in the full multiplicative form because of its high indeterminacy."
3. What Not to Do
The first error is skipping the complementing of the cost criteria (investment cost, environmental impact) and feeding the T-I-F triple directly into the score. In the illustrative example, this error moves the ratio-system ranking in favour of A1. A1 is not actually the highest-cost alternative, but, left uncomplemented, it appears to have "high truth" and comes first, hiding A3's genuine superiority. Independently computed in Python, the uncomplemented ratio system places A1 first and A3 last; the complemented (correct) calculation reverses this entirely. The second error is assuming T+I+F=1 and computing indeterminacy as 1−T−F. This reduces the structure to an intuitionistic fuzzy pair, the very mistake the neutrosophic data-type card warns against. The third error is skipping the two-out-of-three dominance rule and using the sum of the three sub-rankings directly (crisp MULTIMOORA's Borda rule). This is not N-MULTIMOORA's own merging rule and can produce a different final ranking.
Sources
For the formulas behind each step, the intermediate tables and citation formats, see the DecisionMind method page: decisionmind.app/library/n-multimoora
Stanujkic, D., Zavadskas, E. K., Smarandache, F., Brauers, W. K. M., & Karabasevic, D. (2017). A neutrosophic extension of the MULTIMOORA method. Informatica, 28(1), 181–192. DOI: 10.15388/Informatica.2017.125
Brauers, W. K. M., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2010). Project management by MULTIMOORA as an instrument for transition economies. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 16(1), 5–24. DOI: 10.3846/tede.2010.01
Smarandache, F. (1998). Neutrosophy: Neutrosophic probability, set, and logic. American Research Press, Rehoboth. (no DOI)
Baležentis, T., & Baležentis, A. (2014). A survey on development and applications of the multi-criteria decision making method MULTIMOORA. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 21(3-4), 209–222. DOI: 10.1002/mcda.1501