Extension card · Plithogenic
Plithogenic CoCoSo
This is the form of CoCoSo for situations where criterion scores are given as a truth-indeterminacy-falsity triple and criteria carry a degree of contradiction relative to one another. Its output is again a combined compromise score and the ranking that follows from it.
Base method
CoCoSo →
Philosophy, mechanics, strengths and weaknesses are on the base method card; this card describes only the difference.
Data type (family)
Plithogenic →
What this data type is, when to use it, how to write it in a cell: the family's full account is here.
What Changes from the Base Method?
Three things change; the five-step skeleton and the decision logic do not.
Cells. In crisp CoCoSo every cell is a single number. Here every cell is a truth (T), indeterminacy (I), falsity (F) triple. As on the plithogenic data-type card, DecisionMind treats the criteria themselves as parts of one whole: one criterion is taken as dominant and its contradiction degree is zero, and how far each other criterion opposes the dominant one is given by a contradiction degree between 0 and 1. This degree belongs to the criterion, not to the alternative; it does not vary from alternative to alternative. Criterion weights are a separate, externally supplied input, distinct from the contradiction degree.
Contradiction adjustment and score. For a cost criterion the triple is first complemented: (T, I, F) is rewritten as (F, I, T). Every cell is then adjusted by its own criterion's contradiction degree: truth is enlarged towards the dominant criterion (T + c·(1−T)), while indeterminacy and falsity are shrunk by the same proportion (I·(1−c), F·(1−c)). This adjusted triple is then reduced to a single number with the same score function as neutrosophic CoCoSo ((1+T−2I−F)/2); this score is shifted by 1 and rescaled to 0–1 on a column-by-column basis.
An important limit: the contradiction degree can be shown not to change the result. Because of the algebraic structure of the score function, a cell's contradiction-adjusted score is a fixed linear transformation of its original score (the c = 0 case): s(c) = c + (1−c)·s(0). The coefficients of this transformation (c and 1−c) depend only on c, NOT ON THE ALTERNATIVE; they are the same for every alternative in the same column. Column-wise min-max scaling absorbs exactly this kind of linear transformation by definition. The result: in preparing this card, the kernel was run directly and checked, and it was found that when the contradiction degree is set to any value between 0 and 0.95, the scaled scores, and hence the final K scores, do NOT change to 10 decimal places (see the verification notes). In other words, in DecisionMind's current P-COCOSO engine the contradiction-degree parameter has no effect whatsoever on the result after the min-max scaling step, whatever value is entered.
DecisionMind holds the defuzzification score and the balance coefficient in the third compromise strategy (λ = 0.5) fixed in this extension. Weights come from outside; the method does not generate weights.
How to Read the Output
As in crisp CoCoSo, the K score is only a ranking within this particular alternative set. Whether the three compromise strategies agree with one another indicates robustness.
The real difference shows up here: even though the report may present the contradiction-degree input as "the independence/contradiction between criteria has been taken into account," the algebraic property above means this information is never reflected in the K score in any way. Whatever contradiction degree is entered (0 or 0.95, it makes no difference), the result is identical.
Thus instead of writing:
"Because the degree of contradiction between criteria has also been taken into account, this result rests on a more detailed model than P-TOPSIS"
the report should read:
"The contradiction-degree input becomes inert after min-max scaling in this engine, because of the structure of the score function; the K score is identical to what it would be had no contradiction degrees been entered at all"
When to Prefer This over the Base Method
Consider this extension when your criterion scores are given as truth-indeterminacy-falsity triples and some criteria are a more independent, or more contradictory, source of information than others. But because of the finding above, this extension's contradiction-degree input does NOT provide any additional discriminating power in today's engine; the result is effectively indistinguishable from neutrosophic CoCoSo (n-cocoso), which uses only the T-I-F triple. If it genuinely matters that contradiction between criteria be reflected in the result, this need is not met by P-COCOSO for the time being; the detail is in the verification notes.
Turning a measured criterion into a T-I-F triple is producing uncertainty, not modelling it; this principle holds here too. The exit condition of the crisp method holds here as well: the matrix must be of a single type, and if no compromise is acceptable on one criterion, this extension is compensatory too.
Mistakes Specific to This Extension
Taking the contradiction degree to be a meaningful input. As proven above, in today's engine the contradiction degree does not change the result after min-max scaling. Writing in the report "the contradiction degrees were set as follows and affected the result in this way" describes an effect that does not occur.
Choosing the dominant criterion arbitrarily. Even though the contradiction degree has no effect on the result, which criterion is treated as dominant (zero contradiction) must still be stated openly and justified in the report; this is required for the consistency of the data entry.
Values that spike when a column's spread narrows. If an alternative's score on a criterion draws very close to the other values in that column (near-equal), the min-max denominator shrinks, and the normalised values, and hence the K scores, can jump to unrealistic magnitudes. This is also a known weakness of crisp CoCoSo (the constant-column case); it can be more pronounced in the plithogenic extension because of the exponential weighting.
Skipping the cost complementation. If the calculation proceeds without rewriting (T, I, F) as (F, I, T) for a cost criterion, the highest-cost alternative appears to have been drawn towards the ideal.
The governing principle is this:
P-COCOSO's contradiction-degree input does not change the result after min-max scaling in today's engine, because of the algebraic structure of the score function; this is a proven property, independent of the dataset, and must not be concealed in the report.
Cases
The first case is DecisionMind's validation example. Smarandache's founding 2018 source defines the plithogenic operations (including the contradiction adjustment) but contains no CoCoSo decision-table example; DecisionMind has therefore built a small, hand-traceable table with the same formulas. The second case is an illustrative construction.
1. Illustrative example (DecisionMind's validation example): Three alternatives evaluated on three plithogenic criteria
Three alternatives are evaluated on three criteria. The first two criteria are "more is better," the third is "less is better." C1 is taken as the dominant criterion with a contradiction degree of zero; C2 and C3's contradiction degrees relative to C1 are 0.33 and 0.67 respectively.
| Alternative | C1 (more is better) | C2 (more is better) | C3 (less is better) |
|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | (0.70; 0.20; 0.10) | (0.50; 0.30; 0.20) | (0.60; 0.30; 0.20) |
| A2 | (0.80; 0.10; 0.10) | (0.60; 0.20; 0.20) | (0.40; 0.20; 0.30) |
| A3 | (0.60; 0.20; 0.20) | (0.70; 0.20; 0.10) | (0.50; 0.30; 0.20) |
| Contradiction degree | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.67 |
| Weight | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.25 |
The method complements C3, adjusts every cell by its own criterion's contradiction degree, reduces it to a score, rescales it to 0–1 column by column, computes the weighted-sum-like (P) and weighted-power-sum-like (R) measures, and combines them with the three compromise strategies.
| Alternative | Combined score (K) | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| A2 | 5.415 | 1 |
| A3 | 2.876 | 2 |
| A1 | 1.177 | 3 |
The result reads as follows. A2 has the highest truth value (0.80) on C1, the most heavily weighted criterion, and also the lowest (and so, once complemented, the best) truth value on the cost criterion. Together these carry A2 clearly into the lead. The ranking does not break down even if the weights on C1 and C3 are swapped (0.25 / 0.35 / 0.40): K = 1.198 / 6.478 / 3.343, ranking A2, A3, A1. The ranking only changes once A3's C1 score rises markedly (from 0.60 to 0.85): A3 then moves into first place.
The board's hesitation lies elsewhere: even if C2's contradiction degree is raised from 0.33 to 0.50, or even to 0.95, the K scores do NOT change at all (the same 5.415 / 2.876 / 1.177 result). This is direct proof that the contradiction degree becomes inert after column scaling because of the structure of the score function; the board cannot expect to influence the result by adjusting this parameter.
In the report: "With the weights given, A2 is clearly ahead on the combined score (K = 5.415); this ranking is robust to a weight swap. The contradiction-degree parameter has no measurable effect on the K score in this engine; the contradiction degree has therefore not been presented in the report as an input that affects the result."
Source: DecisionMind's P-COCOSO validation manifest, verification example. The plithogenic operations (contradiction adjustment, score function) rest on the formulas defined by Smarandache (2018); since the founding source gives no CoCoSo decision-table example, the table was constructed by DecisionMind faithfully to the formulas. The K scores and the contradiction-degree sensitivity test were computed independently by this card's author by running the kernel directly.
2. Fisheries: An aquaculture cooperative's fleet-renewal investment
An aquaculture cooperative will allocate a limited support loan to one of three boat-renewal proposals (T1, T2, T3). Three criteria are used: fuel efficiency, cold-chain capacity, and renewal cost (less is better). The cooperative's management treats fuel efficiency as the dominant criterion; it judges that cold-chain capacity partly contradicts fuel efficiency (a larger cooling unit consumes more fuel), while cost carries more independent information, and sets the contradiction degrees accordingly. Each proposal is scored on each criterion with a truth-indeterminacy-falsity triple.
The method adjusts the three proposals by their contradiction degrees, reduces them to scores, computes the weighted-sum and power-sum measures, and combines them with the three compromise strategies. Suppose the proposal with the highest fuel efficiency is also the one with the highest cost, and it still comes out first, because the weight on fuel efficiency exceeds that on cost.
The cooperative's hesitation: whatever contradiction degree is assigned to cold-chain capacity (whether kept low or high), it will not change the K score in this engine; the cooperative should not treat this degree as an "adjustable sensitivity parameter." The real determinant is the criterion weights. The cooperative should run a sensitivity test by changing the cost weight, not the contradiction degree.
In the report: "With the high weight given to fuel efficiency, the most efficient proposal ranks first; the contradiction-degree parameter has no measurable contribution to this ranking, and the criterion weights are the real determinant."
3. What Not to Do
The first error is trying to "fine-tune" the result by changing the contradiction degree; in the illustrative example the K scores stay exactly the same even when this degree is raised from 0 to 0.95. The second error is running the calculation without complementing C3's triple (treating the cost criterion as if it were "more is better"); in that case the highest-cost alternative is drawn towards the ideal. The third error is reading the K score as a percentage or a probability, and comparing it with the K score of a different analysis.
Sources
For the formulas behind each step, the intermediate tables and citation formats, see the DecisionMind method page: decisionmind.app/library/p-cocoso
Yazdani, M., Zarate, P., Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2019). A combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) method for multi-criteria decision-making problems. Management Decision, 57(9), 2501–2519. DOI: 10.1108/MD-05-2017-0458
Smarandache, F. (2018). Plithogenic Set, an Extension of Crisp, Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Neutrosophic Sets – Revisited. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, 21, 153–166. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1408740
Smarandache, F. (2017). Plithogeny, Plithogenic Set, Logic, Probability, and Statistics. Pons Publishing House, Brussels. (no DOI)
Abdel-Basset, M., & Mohamed, R. (2020). A novel plithogenic TOPSIS-CRITIC model for sustainable supply chain risk management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 247, 119586. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119586