Extension card · Plithogenic
Plithogenic RAFSI
This is the form of RAFSI for situations where criterion scores are given as a truth-indeterminacy-falsity triple and criteria carry a degree of contradiction relative to one another. It maps alternatives onto a fixed-length scale interval and reduces them to a single score.
Base method
RAFSI →
Philosophy, mechanics, strengths and weaknesses are on the base method card; this card describes only the difference.
Data type (family)
Plithogenic →
What this data type is, when to use it, how to write it in a cell: the family's full account is here.
What Changes from the Base Method?
Four things change. The idea of mapping onto a scale interval does not.
Cells. In crisp RAFSI every cell is a single number. Here every cell is a truth (T), indeterminacy (I), falsity (F) triple. As on the plithogenic data-type card, one criterion is taken as dominant and its contradiction degree becomes zero. How strongly the other criteria oppose this dominant criterion is given by a contradiction degree between 0 and 1.
Cost complementing, contradiction adjustment and score. For a cost criterion the triple is first complemented: (T, I, F) is rewritten as (F, I, T). Every cell is then adjusted by its own criterion's contradiction degree and reduced to a single number by the neutrosophic score function ((1+T−2I−F)/2). Thanks to the complementing, every column is read in the "higher is better" direction throughout the remaining steps, and no separate direction-reversal step is needed.
An important difference of input. In the base RAFSI card, the ideal and anti-ideal reference points are set by the decision-maker in advance, independently of the alternative set. This is the source of RAFSI's robustness against rank reversal. P-RAFSI does not take this input. Each criterion's ideal score is taken automatically from that criterion's own highest score among the alternatives, and its anti-ideal score from the lowest. This is the plithogenic counterpart of the "bounds are derived from the data" arrangement already documented in Fuzzy RAFSI and Neutrosophic RAFSI.
Scale mapping. Each score is linearly mapped between 1 and 6 (n_CI=6) according to its position between this data-based ideal and anti-ideal. A score close to the anti-ideal approaches 1, and one close to the ideal approaches 6. The mapped value is divided by 6, multiplied by the criterion's weight, and the criteria are summed.
An important finding: the contradiction degree can be proved to have no effect at all on the result. The contradiction adjustment transforms every cell's score linearly, as s' = (1−c)·s + c/2; c depends only on the criterion, and does not vary from row to row. The mapping step, meanwhile, looks only at the score's RELATIVE position between the ideal and the anti-ideal, a ratio of differences. Because a linear transformation changes the score and the ideal/anti-ideal by the same scale and shift, this ratio does not change. An independent Python test showed that when the contradiction degrees are changed from 0 to 0.95, even in different combinations for each criterion, the mapped values, and therefore the final scores, stay THE SAME TO THE DECIMAL PLACE (see the approval notes). This places P-RAFSI in the same family as the ineffectiveness observed in P-COCOSO, unlike siblings such as P-PSI and P-GRA.
DecisionMind fixes this score function and the 1-6 scale. Weights are taken from outside as crisp numbers.
How to Read the Output
The score states where the alternative stands relative to the others in this table. Crisp RAFSI's promise is that, because its reference points are fixed, an existing ranking does not break when a new alternative is added. This promise does not hold in P-RAFSI, because the ideal and anti-ideal scores are derived from the alternative set itself. When a fourth, very strong alternative is added, the scores of the existing three alternatives also shift; in an independent test the three alternatives' scores (0.300 / 0.883 / 0.500) changed markedly, to (0.247 / 0.576 / 0.327), once a fourth alternative was added, and although the ranking held in this example, the absolute scores are no longer on the same scale.
The difference is also here. Here, unlike in P-GRA, the contradiction degree does not affect the result; two analyses do not give different results merely because their contradiction degrees differ, and the source of any such difference must be sought elsewhere.
Thus instead of writing:
"P-RAFSI was used here, and thanks to its fixed reference points the results are comparable with another analysis"
the report should read:
"This set of three alternatives' ideal and anti-ideal scores were taken from the best and worst values among themselves; they cannot be compared directly with a score produced from a different set of alternatives. The contradiction-degree parameter, meanwhile, has no measurable effect in this engine"
When to Prefer This over the Base Method
Consider this extension where the criterion assessment rests on incomplete or contradictory information, and where evidence for, evidence against, and an unknown share need to be kept separate. This requires accepting that this version of DecisionMind derives the ideal and anti-ideal points from the alternative set, and that the contradiction degree does not affect the result. If you expect extra robustness against rank reversal, that expectation is not met today.
Opening a measured value into a T-I-F triple without justification is also wrong here. Where no compromise is acceptable on a criterion, the exit condition from the base RAFSI card applies equally.
Mistakes Specific to This Extension
Claiming robustness against rank reversal. The ideal and anti-ideal scores are derived from the alternative set; the claim "the reference points are fixed" does not hold here. The four-alternative example above demonstrates this concretely.
Assuming the contradiction degree is influential, as in P-GRA. Assuming that, because this degree changes the ranking in other members of the family, it will do so here too is a mistake; in P-RAFSI the contradiction degree has no measurable effect on the score.
Comparing scores across different sets of alternatives. Because the reference scores are recalculated in every analysis, the scores from two separate analyses are not on the same scale.
Choosing the dominant criterion without justification. Even though the contradiction degree has no effect on the result, which criterion is taken as dominant still matters for the consistency of data entry.
The governing principle is this:
In P-RAFSI the first step towards a score is plithogenic, but because the ideal and anti-ideal scores are derived from the alternative set, crisp RAFSI's promise of fixed reference points does not hold here; the contradiction degree, meanwhile, creates no measurable effect in this engine.
Cases
The first case is DecisionMind's validation example. This table is a shared validation input also used in other P-* family cards (Plithogenic CoCoSo, Plithogenic GRA, Plithogenic PSI). The second case is an illustrative fiction.
1. Illustrative example (DecisionMind's validation example): Three alternatives under plithogenic assessment on three criteria
Three alternatives are assessed on three criteria. The first two criteria are more-is-better, the third is less-is-better. C1 is taken as the dominant criterion, with a contradiction degree of zero; the contradiction degrees of C2 and C3 relative to C1 are 0.33 and 0.67 respectively. The weights are 0.40 for C1, 0.35 for C2 and 0.25 for C3.
| Alternative | C1 (more is better) | C2 (more is better) | C3 (less is better) |
|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | (0.70; 0.20; 0.10) | (0.50; 0.30; 0.20) | (0.60; 0.30; 0.20) |
| A2 | (0.80; 0.10; 0.10) | (0.60; 0.20; 0.20) | (0.40; 0.20; 0.30) |
| A3 | (0.60; 0.20; 0.20) | (0.70; 0.20; 0.10) | (0.50; 0.30; 0.20) |
| Contradiction degree | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.67 |
The method complements C3, adjusts every cell by its own criterion's contradiction degree, reduces it to a score, builds the ideal and anti-ideal from the column's own best and worst scores, maps them onto the 1-6 scale, and sums them with weights.
| Alternative | RAFSI score | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| A2 | 0.883 | 1 |
| A3 | 0.500 | 2 |
| A1 | 0.300 | 3 |
The result reads as follows. A2 holds the column's best score on C1, which is the ideal point itself, and also holds the best score on C3. These two together carry A2 clearly into the lead.
The board's hesitation lies in the source of the reference points. When a fourth, very strong alternative (clearly superior on all three criteria) is added to these three, calculated independently, A1's score falls from 0.300 to 0.247, A2's from 0.883 to 0.576, and A3's from 0.500 to 0.327; the ranking is preserved in this example, but the scores are no longer on the same scale as the first analysis. Furthermore, when the contradiction degrees (0.00; 0.33; 0.67) are replaced with entirely different values such as (0.00; 0.95; 0.95) or (0.95; 0.00; 0.00), calculated independently, all three scores stay THE SAME to the decimal place (0.300 / 0.883 / 0.500).
In the report: "With the given contradiction degrees, A2 is clearly first in the RAFSI score (0.883). Because the ideal and anti-ideal scores are taken from this set of three alternatives' own data, these scores are valid only within this analysis and must be recalculated whenever a new alternative is added. The contradiction-degree parameter, meanwhile, has no measurable effect in this engine."
Source: DecisionMind's P-RAFSI validation example. The plithogenic operations (contradiction adjustment, score function) rest on the formulas defined by Smarandache (2018); since the founding source gives no example RAFSI decision table, the table has been constructed by DecisionMind faithfully to the formulas. The RAFSI scores, the four-alternative sensitivity and the contradiction-degree sensitivity were independently computed by this card's author by running the kernel directly, and match exactly, to the same decimal values, the result recorded in the manifest (A2 > A3 > A1).
2. Public transport: A municipality's choice of supplier for a fleet of sea buses
A municipality is to choose one of three supplier bids for coastal-line sea-bus services. Three criteria are used: passenger capacity, fuel efficiency and maintenance cost (less is better). The municipality takes passenger capacity as the dominant criterion; it judges fuel efficiency to be partly in conflict with capacity, since a larger vessel generally uses more fuel, and maintenance cost to carry more independent information. Each bid is scored on each criterion with a truth-indeterminacy-falsity triple.
The method adjusts the three bids by their own contradiction degrees, reduces them to scores, builds the ideal and anti-ideal from the column's own data, maps them, and sums them with weights. Suppose the bid with the highest capacity also has the lowest maintenance cost, and it finishes first.
The municipality's hesitation is this: if a further bid is added to the tender process, the ideal and anti-ideal scores will be rebuilt from this fourth bid's data too, and the scores of the first three bids may also change. The municipality should not misread this change as "one of the suppliers got worse"; the change arises only from a shift in the reference points.
In the report: "The bid with the highest capacity ranks first; these scores rest on reference points derived from the three bids' own data and will be recalculated once a further bid is added."
3. What Not to Do
The first error is comparing the three scores from the illustrative example directly with P-RAFSI scores from a different analysis, as though the reference points were fixed; the ideal and anti-ideal are built from that analysis's own data every time. The second error is assuming, as in P-GRA, that the contradiction degrees are "a sensitivity parameter that adjusts the result" and expecting a change in them to affect the outcome; in the illustrative example the scores stay the same to the decimal place even when the contradiction degrees are pulled to 0.95. The third error is running C3 (less is better) without complementing it; the most expensive alternative then appears to have been drawn towards the ideal.
Sources
For the formulas behind each step, the intermediate tables and citation formats, see the DecisionMind method page: decisionmind.app/library/p-rafsi
Žižović, M., Pamučar, D., Albijanić, M., Chatterjee, P., & Pribićević, I. (2020). Eliminating Rank Reversal Problem Using a New Multi-Attribute Model — The RAFSI Method. Mathematics, 8(6), 1015. DOI: 10.3390/math8061015
Smarandache, F. (2018). Plithogenic Set, an Extension of Crisp, Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Neutrosophic Sets – Revisited. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, 21, 153–166. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1408740
Smarandache, F. (2017). Plithogeny, Plithogenic Set, Logic, Probability, and Statistics. Pons Publishing House, Brussels. (no DOI)
Abdel-Basset, M., & Mohamed, R. (2020). A novel plithogenic TOPSIS-CRITIC model for sustainable supply chain risk management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 247, 119586. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119586