Extension card · Plithogenic
Plithogenic RAWEC
This is the form of RAWEC for situations where criterion scores are given as a truth-indeterminacy-falsity triple and criteria carry a degree of contradiction relative to one another. Its output remains a ranking score built from the sum of weighted contributions.
Base method
RAWEC →
Philosophy, mechanics, strengths and weaknesses are on the base method card; this card describes only the difference.
Data type (family)
Plithogenic →
What this data type is, when to use it, how to write it in a cell: the family's full account is here.
What Changes from the Base Method?
Cells. In crisp RAWEC every cell is a single number. Here every cell is a truth (T), indeterminacy (I), falsity (F) triple. One criterion is taken as dominant, with a contradiction degree of zero; how strongly the other criteria oppose the dominant criterion is given by a contradiction degree between 0 and 1. Criterion weights come from outside as crisp numbers.
Contradiction adjustment and score. For a cost criterion the triple is first complemented. Every cell is then adjusted by its own criterion's contradiction degree and reduced to a single number by the neutrosophic score function ((1+T−2I−F)/2).
Shift and normalisation. 1 is added to the score, to avoid negative values. For a benefit criterion this shifted value is expressed as a proportion of the column sum; for a cost criterion its reciprocal is taken first, and these reciprocals are then expressed as a proportion of their own sum.
An important structural difference: RAWEC's "two perspectives" are absent here. Crisp RAWEC's defining feature is that it produces, for every criterion, TWO separate normalisations, one for "position relative to the best" (primary) and one for "position relative to the worst" (complementary), draws two weighted-deviation sums (θ and θ') from these views, and computes the final index as the ratio of their difference to their sum ((θ'−θ)/(θ'+θ)); this is the "evaluation from both ends" philosophy that defines the RAWEC card. The P-RAWEC kernel does not do this. For every criterion it produces a SINGLE normalised value by direction (for a benefit criterion, a primary-like sum-normalisation; for a cost criterion, its reciprocal), multiplies it by the weight and sums directly. No second perspective, θ/θ' split, or difference-over-sum ratio is computed anywhere. The result is, in form, a weighted sum close to SAW; RAWEC's defining two-sided mechanism has been lost. This is a finding verified by reading the code (see the approval notes); the card describes the actual mechanism the kernel performs, not what the manifest promises.
The contradiction degree does change the result here. Because normalisation is based on summation and division here (unlike the difference-of-ratios normalisation seen in P-COCOSO/P-VIKOR/P-RAFSI/P-ROV/P-SPOTIS), a shift in the contradiction degree also changes the column sum and this ratio does not cancel out. An independent Python test showed that when the dominant criterion's contradiction degree is pulled from 0 to 0.95 while the others are set to zero, the ranking reverses completely (details in Case 1).
DecisionMind fixes this score function, the shift constant (+1), and the sum-and-division normalisation.
How to Read the Output
The score, unlike crisp RAWEC's Q index on the [-1,1] range, is a direct sum of weighted contributions and typically stays between 0 and 1; its sign carries no "good/bad" distinction. The RAWEC card's principle that "the index's sign is read as positive or negative" does not apply here; the score here is only a relative ranking device within this set of alternatives.
The difference is also here: this score does not perform RAWEC's two-sided (closeness to the best / distance from the worst) comparison; it is a one-directional weighted sum. The report must not obscure the real mechanism behind this name.
Thus instead of writing:
"The Plithogenic RAWEC index measures both closeness to the best and distance from the worst symmetrically, as crisp RAWEC does"
the report should read:
"In this engine the P-RAWEC score is a weighted sum of a SINGLE normalised value per criterion, chosen by direction; the two-sided (θ, θ') comparison that defines RAWEC is not computed here, so the score does not lie on the [-1,1] range and its sign is not separately interpreted"
When to Prefer This over the Base Method
This extension can be considered where information about a criterion is incomplete, inconsistent or contradictory, and a contradiction degree between criteria matters for the decision. But because of the finding above, in today's engine P-RAWEC does NOT deliver RAWEC's defining two-sided comparison; if what is actually needed is RAWEC's two-ended logic, that need is not met for now, and the detail is in the approval notes.
Converting a measured criterion into a T-I-F triple is manufacturing indeterminacy, not modelling it; this principle applies here too. Where no compromise is acceptable on a criterion, the exit condition from the base RAWEC card applies equally.
Mistakes Specific to This Extension
Assuming P-RAWEC runs the same two-sided mechanism as crisp RAWEC. As proved above, this is wrong. The engine produces only a one-directional weighted sum.
Reading the score as though it were an index on the [-1,1] range. Crisp RAWEC's Q index lies on this range and its sign is interpreted; P-RAWEC's score does not carry this structure.
Choosing the dominant criterion without justification, or assuming the contradiction degree is ineffective as in P-COCOSO. In P-RAWEC the contradiction degree can genuinely change the result, because normalisation is sum-based.
Skipping the cost complement. If the calculation is run without rewriting (T, I, F) as (F, I, T), the highest-cost alternative appears to have been drawn towards the ideal.
The governing principle is this:
P-RAWEC takes its name from RAWEC, but in today's engine it does not run the two-sided (closeness to the best / distance from the worst) comparison that defines RAWEC; the score is a one-directional weighted sum, and the report must not obscure this.
Cases
The first case is DecisionMind's validation example. This table is a shared validation input also used in other P-* family cards (Plithogenic CoCoSo, Plithogenic GRA, Plithogenic PSI, Plithogenic RAFSI). The second case is an illustrative fiction.
1. Illustrative example (DecisionMind's validation example): Three alternatives under plithogenic assessment on three criteria
Three alternatives are assessed on three criteria. The first two criteria are more-is-better, the third is less-is-better. C1 is taken as the dominant criterion, with a contradiction degree of zero; the contradiction degrees of C2 and C3 relative to C1 are 0.33 and 0.67 respectively. The weights are 0.40 for C1, 0.35 for C2 and 0.25 for C3.
| Alternative | C1 (more is better) | C2 (more is better) | C3 (less is better) |
|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | (0.70; 0.20; 0.10) | (0.50; 0.30; 0.20) | (0.60; 0.30; 0.20) |
| A2 | (0.80; 0.10; 0.10) | (0.60; 0.20; 0.20) | (0.40; 0.20; 0.30) |
| A3 | (0.60; 0.20; 0.20) | (0.70; 0.20; 0.10) | (0.50; 0.30; 0.20) |
| Contradiction degree | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.67 |
The method complements C3, adjusts every cell by its own criterion's contradiction degree, reduces it to a score, adds 1 to the score, expresses it as a proportion of the column sum for the benefit criteria and as a proportion of the reciprocal sum for the cost criterion, and computes the weighted sum.
| Alternative | Score | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| A2 | 0.3454 | 1 |
| A3 | 0.3295 | 2 |
| A1 | 0.3252 | 3 |
The result reads as follows. All three scores lie quite close to one another (in the range 0.325-0.345); A2 stays ahead through its advantage on the dominant criterion C1 and on the cost criterion.
The board's hesitation lies exactly in this closeness. When the dominant criterion C1's contradiction degree is pulled from 0 to 0.95 while C2 and C3 are set to zero, calculated independently, the ranking reverses COMPLETELY: A3 finishes first at 0.3431, A2 second at 0.3361, and A1 third at 0.3208. When C2 and C3's contradiction degrees are both pulled to 0.95 while C1 stays at zero, A1 falls to second at 0.3315 and A3 to third at 0.3241, while A2 (0.3444) remains first. The closeness of the three scores to one another makes the choice of contradiction degree critical.
In the report: "With the given contradiction degrees, A2 has the highest score (0.3454), but the three alternatives' scores are very close to one another. When the dominant criterion's contradiction degree is raised, the ranking can reverse entirely; the contradiction degrees have therefore been presented in the report with their justification, and the fragility of the ranking has been noted."
Source: DecisionMind's P-RAWEC validation example. The plithogenic operations (contradiction adjustment, score function) rest on the formulas defined by Smarandache (2018); since the founding source gives no example RAWEC decision table, the table has been constructed by DecisionMind faithfully to the formulas. The scores and the contradiction-degree sensitivity were independently computed by this card's author by running the kernel directly, and match exactly, to the same decimal values, the result recorded in the manifest (A2 > A3 > A1).
2. Publishing: A university press's choice of print supplier
A university press is to choose one of three printing-house bids for an academic book run. Three criteria are used: print quality, delivery-time reliability and unit printing cost (less is better). The press takes print quality as the dominant criterion; it judges delivery time to be partly in conflict with quality, since careful printing proceeds more slowly, and cost to carry more independent information. Each bid is scored on each criterion with a truth-indeterminacy-falsity triple.
The method adjusts the three bids by their own contradiction degrees, reduces them to scores, shifts and normalises them, and computes the weighted sum. Suppose the bid with the highest print quality is also the most expensive, and it still finishes first, because quality carries a higher weight than cost.
The press's hesitation is this: if the scores are close to one another, a small change in the dominant criterion's contradiction degree can reverse the ranking; unlike in P-COCOSO, the contradiction degree is not cosmetic in this engine. The press should separately justify in its report which criterion was taken as dominant and what contradiction degrees were used.
In the report: "With the dominance given to print quality, the highest-quality bid ranks first; but because the scores are close to one another, this ranking is sensitive to the dominant criterion's contradiction degree, and this choice has been justified in the report."
3. What Not to Do
The first error is reading the P-RAWEC score in the same way as crisp RAWEC's Q index on the [-1,1] range and interpreting its sign as "good/bad"; no such sign structure exists in this engine. The second error is assuming, as in P-COCOSO, that the contradiction degree is "an input that does not affect the result" and assigning it without justification; in the illustrative example the ranking reverses completely once the dominant criterion's contradiction degree is raised. The third error is running C3 (less is better) without complementing it; the most expensive alternative then appears to have been drawn towards the ideal.
Sources
For the formulas behind each step, the intermediate tables and citation formats, see the DecisionMind method page: decisionmind.app/library/p-rawec
Puška, A., Štilić, A., Pamučar, D., Božanić, D., & Nedeljković, M. (2024). Introducing a Novel multi-criteria Ranking of Alternatives with Weights of Criterion (RAWEC) model. MethodsX, 12, 102628. DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102628
Smarandache, F. (2018). Plithogenic Set, an Extension of Crisp, Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Neutrosophic Sets – Revisited. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, 21, 153–166. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1408740
Smarandache, F. (2017). Plithogeny, Plithogenic Set, Logic, Probability, and Statistics. Pons Publishing House, Brussels. (no DOI)
Abdel-Basset, M., & Mohamed, R. (2020). A novel plithogenic TOPSIS-CRITIC model for sustainable supply chain risk management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 247, 119586. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119586