1. Local outranking index per criterion pair.
Sj(Ai,Al)∈[0,1]
2. Concordance index C(A_i,A_l) = Σ_{j: A_i≽A_l} w_j / Σ w_j.
C(Ai,Al)=∑j=1nwj∑j:Ai⪰Alwj
3. Local discordance index d_j(A_i,A_l) measuring how strongly A_l beats A_i on criterion j.
dj(Ai,Al)=Δjmax(0,Cj(Al)−Cj(Ai))
4. Comprehensive outranking degree S(A_i,A_l) combining concordance and discordance.
S(Ai,Al)=C(Ai,Al){j:dj>C}∏1−C(Ai,Al)1−dj(Ai,Al)
5. Positive φ^+ and negative φ^- flows.
ϕ+(Ai)=l=i∑S(Ai,Al),ϕ−(Ai)=l=i∑S(Al,Ai)
6. Net flow φ(A_i) = φ^+(A_i) − φ^-(A_i).
ϕ(Ai)=ϕ+(Ai)−ϕ−(Ai)
7. PAMSSEM I partial ranking from (φ^+, φ^-); PAMSSEM II full ranking from φ descending.
PAMSSEM I: (ϕ+,ϕ−) partial;PAMSSEM II: rank by ϕ descending