Extension card · Neutrosophic
Neutrosophic RAWEC
Neutrosophic RAWEC is the form of RAWEC used when criterion scores are given as degrees of truth, indeterminacy and falsity. It reduces every triple to a single score, then runs RAWEC's closeness-to-best and distance-from-worst logic on this score.
Base method
RAWEC →
Philosophy, mechanics, strengths and weaknesses are on the base method card; this card describes only the difference.
Data type (family)
Neutrosophic →
What this data type is, when to use it, how to write it in a cell: the family's full account is here.
What Changes from the Base Method?
Two things change. RAWEC's two-way deviation logic stays exactly as it is.
Cells. In crisp RAWEC every cell is a single number. Here every cell consists of three degrees: truth (T), indeterminacy (I) and falsity (F). Criterion weights come from outside as crisp numbers. Neutrosophic RAWEC does not generate its own weights.
Score function and normalisation. All of RAWEC's remaining steps operate on crisp numbers. The method therefore first reduces every triple to a single score. DecisionMind applies a formula here that uses all three of T, I and F together. In this formula indeterminacy is penalised at double weight. Once the score is produced, the same double normalisation as in crisp RAWEC, against both the best and the worst value, is applied.
This shows an important point. Indeterminacy is not carried as three separate numbers all the way to the end of the calculation, as it is in Fuzzy RAWEC. Truth, indeterminacy and falsity are already merged into a single score in the very first step. The rest of the method is identical to crisp RAWEC, operating on this single score.
Result. The Q index is, as in crisp RAWEC, a single number between −1 and 1.
DecisionMind holds the score formula and the double normalisation that follows it fixed in this extension. Weights come from outside as crisp numbers.
How to Read the Output
The Q index is read in the same way as in crisp RAWEC. A positive value shows that the alternative is on the good side. See the RAWEC card.
The difference lies here: Q is now built on a score that comes from three separate sources of evidence (favourable, adverse, unknown). Two alternatives can have the same score even though the favourable-adverse-unknown distribution beneath it is very different. The report should not hide this difference.
Thus instead of writing:
"The neutrosophic RAWEC index placed alternative A first"
the report should read:
"Alternative A has obtained the highest Q index with a score derived from its degrees of truth, indeterminacy and falsity. This score does not on its own show how much of the evidence beneath it is favourable, how much adverse and how much unknown"
When to Prefer This over the Base Method
Neutrosophic RAWEC is preferred when information about a criterion is missing, inconsistent or contradictory, and this matters for the decision. Opening a measured value into a truth-indeterminacy-falsity triple without justification adds no information. The neutrosophic data-type card explains this distinction in detail.
DecisionMind requires a single data type. If the table contains both measured and neutrosophic criteria, the measured criterion is also written as a triple, but its indeterminacy and falsity shares are kept close to zero. Crisp RAWEC's exit condition applies here too: if no compromise is acceptable on one criterion, this extension is not suitable either, since it too is compensatory.
Mistakes Specific to This Extension
Forcing the sum of the three components to equal 1. Truth, indeterminacy and falsity come from independent sources. Their sum exceeding 1 is natural, and not a mistake.
Deriving indeterminacy from truth and falsity. Indeterminacy should come from its own source of evidence; it should not be computed as 1 minus truth minus falsity.
Changing the score function without noticing it. Some sources propose a simpler score formula that uses only truth and falsity. DecisionMind uses a formula that also includes indeterminacy here, and this choice affects the result. Which formula was used must be stated in the report.
Extending a measured criterion without justification. A measured value should stay as a triple with indeterminacy and falsity shares close to zero. Fabricating a triple without justification produces an impression, not data.
The governing principle is this:
Every triple in neutrosophic RAWEC must rest on its own separate source of evidence for the same evaluation. If one component is derived from the other two, the method's sole contribution, keeping contradiction visible, is lost.
Cases
The first case is an illustrative example. Its material-selection context is inspired by a published study, but the cell values were constructed by DecisionMind to be traceable by hand. It is not the article's own table. The second case is entirely fictional.
1. Illustrative example: Engineering material selection (DecisionMind's validation example)
A design team will choose one of four candidate materials for an aircraft component. Six criteria have been set: durability, heat resistance and hardness are "higher is better" criteria. Budget, weight and deformation are "lower is better" criteria. For each criterion, the degrees of truth, indeterminacy and falsity have been derived from separate sources (test reports, manufacturer data, field observation).
| Material | Durability (T, I, F) | Budget (T, I, F) |
|---|---|---|
| A1 Carbon-fibre polymer | (0.686; 0.326; 0.175) | (0.507; 0.372; 0.179) |
| A2 Kevlar | (0.599; 0.276; 0.311) | (0.719; 0.102; 0.342) |
| A3 Aluminium alloy | (0.611; 0.319; 0.379) | (0.561; 0.357; 0.24) |
| A4 Titanium alloy | (0.584; 0.142; 0.12) | (0.68; 0.209; 0.321) |
| Direction | higher is better | lower is better |
| Weight | 0.213 | 0.113 |
Two of the six criteria are shown in the table for readability; the calculation is carried out with all six. The method first reduces every triple to a single score. It then normalises these scores in both directions, as in crisp RAWEC, sums the weighted deviations and computes the Q index.
| Material | Q index | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| A4 Titanium alloy | 0.421 | 1 |
| A1 Carbon-fibre polymer | 0.010 | 2 |
| A2 Kevlar | -0.249 | 3 |
| A3 Aluminium alloy | -0.292 | 4 |
Titanium alloy comes first because it carries a strong score on most of the six criteria. Carbon-fibre polymer is second with an index close to zero, which shows that it sits in neither a clearly good nor a clearly bad position.
The team's hesitation is this: the Q difference between the second- and third-placed materials, Kevlar and aluminium alloy, is only 0.043. If the weight on the budget criterion is raised from 0.113 to about 0.135, with this difference taken from the deformation criterion, these two materials swap places. This has been computed independently.
In the report: "Titanium alloy has obtained the highest Q index with a score derived from the truth, indeterminacy and falsity degrees of the six criteria. The difference between the second- and third-placed materials is small, and this order can change if the weight on the budget criterion increases slightly."
Source: This table is DecisionMind's own validation example. The material-selection context is inspired by Mohamed, Salam and Ye's 2024 article, but that article uses a richer triangular neutrosophic form rather than the truth-indeterminacy-falsity triple. The figures are therefore not the article's own table; they were constructed by DecisionMind for illustrative purposes.
2. Fire service: Choosing a response vehicle
A fire service will choose one of three response-vehicle proposals. Three criteria have been set: response speed and durability are "higher is better" criteria, and maintenance cost is a "lower is better" criterion. For each criterion, the degrees of truth, indeterminacy and falsity come from separate sources. Truth is derived from field trials, falsity from breakdown records, and indeterminacy from missing or unshared data.
| Proposal | Response speed (T, I, F) | Maintenance cost (T, I, F) | Durability (T, I, F) |
|---|---|---|---|
| X | (0.75; 0.20; 0.15) | (0.55; 0.30; 0.35) | (0.65; 0.25; 0.20) |
| Y | (0.60; 0.35; 0.25) | (0.70; 0.15; 0.20) | (0.80; 0.10; 0.10) |
| Z | (0.50; 0.40; 0.30) | (0.40; 0.45; 0.45) | (0.55; 0.35; 0.30) |
| Direction | higher is better | lower is better | higher is better |
| Weight | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
The method reduces the three triples to scores, normalises in both directions and computes the Q index.
| Proposal | Q index | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| X | 0.170 | 1 |
| Y | -0.156 | 2 |
| Z | -0.227 | 3 |
Proposal X comes first because it carries a strong score on response speed and durability. Z is in the best position on maintenance cost, but weak on the other two criteria.
The service's hesitation is this: if the weight on maintenance cost rises from 0.30 to about 0.32, Y and Z swap places. If it rises to 0.50, Z moves into first place and X drops to second. This has been computed independently. If there is a long-term budget constraint, the service should discuss giving more weight to maintenance cost.
In the report: "Proposal X has obtained the highest Q index under the given weights. If more importance is placed on maintenance cost, this order can change, and proposal Z could move ahead."
3. What Not to Do
If, in the first case, indeterminacy on the durability criterion had been computed as 1 minus truth minus falsity after truth and falsity were given, indeterminacy would have lost its own source of evidence. The method's real contribution, keeping contradiction visible, would then have disappeared. The second error is mistakenly marking the maintenance cost criterion in the second case as "higher is better." In that case the most expensive proposal would come out unfairly advantaged. The third error is reading proposal X's index of 0.170 as 17 per cent success. The index only ranks these three proposals relative to one another; it does not show an absolute level of success.
Sources
For the formulas behind each step, the intermediate tables and citation formats, see the DecisionMind method page: decisionmind.app/library/n-rawec
Puška, A., Štilić, A., Pamučar, D., Božanić, D., & Nedeljković, M. (2024). Introducing a Novel multi-criteria Ranking of Alternatives with Weights of Criterion (RAWEC) model. MethodsX, 12, 102628. DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102628
Mohamed, M., Salam, A., & Ye, J. (2024). Selection of Sustainable Material for the Construction of Drone Aerodynamic Wing using Neutrosophic RAWEC. Systems Assessment and Engineering Management, 1, 54–72. DOI: 10.61356/j.saem.2024.1295
Smarandache, F. (1998). Neutrosophy: Neutrosophic Probability, Set, and Logic. American Research Press, Rehoboth. (no DOI)
Wang, H., Smarandache, F., Zhang, Y., & Sunderraman, R. (2010). Single valued neutrosophic sets. Multispace and Multistructure, 4, 410–413. (no DOI)